Pakadali pano, pali nyali zitatu zazikulu zamagalimoto pamsika, nyali za halogen,HID nyali za xenonndiNyali za LED.Kumbali ina pali nyali ya laser.Mtengo wamakono wa nyali ya laser ndiyokwera kwambiri, kotero sizothandiza.Kuwala kwa laser kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtengo wake wokhazikika, monga BMW i8, AUDI A8 / R8.
Nyali za halogen ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa nyali zonse zamagalimoto pakadali pano, komanso ndi mababu omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri m'mbiri yamagalimoto.Koma mababu a halogen ndi opepuka komanso osavuta kusweka / kuwotchedwa.
HID Xenon magetsiidayamba kuchokera ku kampani yayikulu PHILIPS, HELLA ndi BOSCH, kubwerera ku 1990 mpaka 1993 zaka.HID Xenon magetsindi pafupifupi 2500 lumen mpaka 4000 lumen, 4 mpaka 6 nthawi zowala kuposa nyali za halogen.Anthu ambiri amateroHID Xenonndi yowala kwambiri kuti musayang'anire madalaivala ena, WRONG, chifukwa kapisozi wapakati waxenon babuzomwe zimatulutsa kuwala ndizochepa ngati ulusi wa babu wa halogen, kuwala kotsika sikungapangitse kuwala kwa madalaivala otsutsana, mawonekedwe owunikira ndi ofanana ngati babu la halogen.KomaHID xenon zidasi wotchipa, si zosavuta unsembe, ndi kubowola dzenje kumbuyo chivundikiro cha nyali za nyali kwa mawaya zikugwirizana kunja.HID ballastndi mkati mwa xenon babu nthawi zina.
Mwaukadaulo ndiMababu a xenon HIDTengani masekondi 10-30 kuti mufikire kuwala kwa 100%, kotero kuti madalaivala akutsogolo ndi oyandikana nawo anganyalanyaze kuwala kwanu kwapamwamba / kotsika kuti muchenjeze kapena kupitilira pamene mababu azimitsidwa / kuzizira.Kuphatikiza apo, ndi okwera mtengo chifukwa chophatikiza ma ballasts ndi mababu.
Mababu a nyali za LEDzidapangidwa mu 2008 chaka.Imachulukirachulukirachulukira m'zaka zaposachedwa, yakhala ikutenga gawo lalikulu pamsika wa mababu a halogen ndiMababu a xenon HID. Mababu a nyali za LEDndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, kukula kophatikizika ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kuwala kwawo ndi lux mwina nthawi 5 mpaka 8 kuposa mababu a halogen, mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yatsopano.Mababu a nyali za LEDimatha kufika 4000 lumen mpaka 6000 lumen.Mwaukadaulo ndikuwunikira 100% nthawi yomweyo (halogen ndiHID xenonare not) womwe ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, LED ndi gwero lozizira lomwe silimafulumizitsa kukalamba kwa nyali, chowunikira kapena chowonera.Kwenikweninyali zamoto za LEDakulamulira mababu m'malo mwa magalimoto pamsika pompano.Zotsatirazi ndiMtengo wa BULBTEKotentha kugulitsaNyali ya nyali ya LEDmndandanda, XD35 D mndandanda, X9S mkulu mphamvu mndandanda, X9 dalaivala anamanga-mu mndandanda ndi X8-H7 PRO 1:1 halogen kukula mndandanda.Takulandirani kufunsa.
Koma mochulukiramagalimoto LED nyali nyaliakugwiritsa ntchito njira yanzeru yowongolera kutentha kwa IC kuletsa mababu kapena madalaivala (a mababu) kuti asapse.Ndibwino kwa nthawi ya moyo wa mababu ndi madalaivala (mababu), koma si bwino kuti kuunikira chifukwa kuunikira kungakhale mdima, ndizoopsa kuyendetsa galimoto!Chinthu chopenga cha mphamvu zatsopano kwambiriMababu a nyali za LED(yotchedwa 60W mpaka 90W poyambira) ndi injiniya yemwe amakhazikitsa njira yanzeru yowongolera kutentha kwa IC ndikuyambitsa kutentha pang'ono, ndikukhala ngati chinyengo m'maso mwanga.
Ndi malamulo ati a European E-mark / ECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe), American DOT (dipatimenti ya Transportation), NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) ndi China DOT yogwirizana ndiMababu a nyali za LED?
1. European E-mark / ECE: mababu a Halogen okha ndimababu a HIDndizovomerezeka kuti zilowe m'malo,Mababu a nyali za LEDndi zosaloledwa.KUSINTHA: PHILIPS ndi OSRAM adadutsa kale ECE / E-mark R112 m'zaka zitatu zaposachedwa, ali ndi chilolezo / chilolezo chochokera ku Germany, kotero iwo ali Street legal / Road legal / Pamsewu ku Europe tsopano, TUV ikupereka satifiketi mukalowa m'malo mwa PHILIPS / Mababu a OSRAM omwe adadutsa ECE / E-mark R112.Chonde onani zithunzi zomwe zili pansipa zomwe zatengedwa patsamba la OSRAM ndi LUMILEDS:
2. AmerekaDOT / NHTSA / FMVSS: mababu a Halogen okha ndi ovomerezeka kuti alowe m'malo, mababu a HID (kupatula D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D7, D8, D9 ndi 9500?) ndiMababu a nyali za LEDndi zosaloledwa.
Zomwe zili m'zidziwitso zomwe zapatsidwa kwa ife (BULBTEK) ndi ogwira ntchito ku DOT muwonetsero yamagalimoto yaku America AAPEX ndi SEMA zili pansipa:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) yazindikira kuchuluka kwa HID/Zida zosinthira za LEDkuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa nyali zamagalimoto.Zidazi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zida zamagalimoto zosinthira ndipo motero zimayang'aniridwa ndi gawo la Replacement Equipment la Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108 Lamps, Reflective, Devices and Associated Equipment, 49 CFR § 571.108.CHOBISEKA/Zida zosinthira za LEDsamakwaniritsa zofunikira za FMVSS No. 108 choncho sangathe mwalamulo kunja mu United States kapena kugulitsidwa mu United States.Onani 49 USC § 30112 (a) (1).
FMVSS No. 108 imafuna, mwa zina, kuti gwero lililonse losinthika losinthika lipangidwe kuti ligwirizane ndi miyeso ina yake ndi magetsi.Chifukwa chake, kuti agwiritse ntchito gwero loyatsa losinthika mu nyali yosinthika ya babu, wopanga ayenera kuti apereka zidziwitso zina za izo (ndi ballast yake ngati ikufunika), kapena angagwiritse ntchito gwero (ndi ballast ngati pakufunika) mfundo zake zalembedwa kale mu Gawo 564. Pofika tsiku la chikalatachi, palibe nyali zosinthidwa za LED zomwe zidasungidwa mu Gawo 564. Malo osinthika a HID omwe adasungidwa mu Gawo 564 ndi D1R, D1S, D2R, D2S, D3R, D3S, D4R, D4S, D5S, D7S, D8S, D9S ndi 9500. Chonde onani kumbuyo kwa mndandanda wamagwero onse a Gawo 564.
Monga lamulo likufuna kuti nyali iliyonse yosinthika yagalimoto yogulitsidwa ku United States igwirizane ndi zofunikira za FMVSS No. 108 ndikoletsedwa kupanga, kugulitsa, kupereka zogulitsa, kulowetsa, kapena kuyambitsa malonda apakati pa HID/LED zida zomwe zili ndi nyali yosinthika yomwe maziko ake adasinthidwa kapena kupangidwa kuti azitha kusinthana ndi gwero lililonse loyang'aniridwa ndi nyali zomwe zimaphatikiza magwero ena owunikira.
3. China DOT: chimodzimodzi ndi America, mababu a Halogen okha ndi ovomerezeka kuti alowe m'malo,mababu a HIDndiMababu a nyali za LEDndi zosaloledwa.
Ndizosavuta kudziwa ngati nyali zamagalimoto ndi halogen kapena ayi powona zowunikira ndi zachikasu kapena ayi (halogen ndi mtundu wachikasu, kukhala ndendende 3000 Kelvin mu kutentha kwamtundu).Chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri akugwiritsabe ntchito ndikugulitsaMababu a xenon HIDndiMababu a nyali za LEDpadziko lonse lapansi?M'malingaliro anga, chifukwa CUSTOMS, ECE ndi DOT sanayang'ane kapena kulanga zambiri.Koma Customs anayenderaZOBISEKA / Nyali za LEDndi apolisi apolisi analanga madalaivala amene anaikaZOBISEKA / Nyali za LEDzinkachitikabe nthawi zina.
Kenako mutha kufunsa chifukwa chake makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi (monga PHILIPS, OSRAM, HELLA) akugwiritsabe ntchitoZOBISEKAndiZida zowunikira za LEDkapena mababu a galimoto yoyambirira kupanga kapena kugulitsa iziZOBISEKAndiMababu a nyali za LEDza after market?Ndiroleni ndiyesere kuyankha funso ili:
1.ZOBISEKAndiZida zowunikira za LEDkapena mababu opangira magalimoto oyamba: izi ndizochitika zapadera komanso zapadera.Nyali yakutsogolo yagalimoto iyenera kutsata malamulo owunikira omwe akuwunikira misika yomwe mukufuna.Ndikuganiza kuti zida zowunikira zowunikirazi ziyenera kudutsa miyezo yonseyi.
2.Mababu akutsogolo a Xenon HIDchifukwa pambuyo msika: ndi zovomerezeka mu Europe bolamababu a HIDadadutsa muyezo wa E-mark-R112.Koma ndizoletsedwa ku USA, Russia, Brazil ndi mayiko ena.Ndimatenga USA monga chitsanzo (Russia, Brazil ndi mayiko ena ndizovuta), sindinakumbukire kuti ndinawona PHILIPS / OSRAM / HELLAMababu a xenon HIDzogulitsidwa mu American Autozone kapena Walmart chain supermarkets.Chonde tilole (Mtengo wa BULBTEK) dziwani ngati mwawona PHILIPS / OSRAM / HELLAMababu a xenon HIDadagulitsidwa mwalamulo m'masitolo akuluakulu aku America kapena makampani, ndikudabwa chifukwa chake angadutse malamulo a DOT / FMVSS ngati adagulitsidwa mwalamulo mu "ZOBISEKAoletsedwa USA”, Mwinanso makampani akuluakulu ndi alendo a VIP omwe ali ndi mwayi ku makomiti ndi m'madipatimenti okhudzana ndi zoyendera.Koma monga ndimadziwa zambirimababu a HIDakhala akutumiza ku USA, Russia ndi Brazil kuchokera ku China, sitilankhula za izi chifukwa ndi dera la imvi / lakuda monga ndanenera kale.
3.Mababu a nyali za LEDkwa after market:
A. Europe: zosaloledwa.Chifukwa chake amalemba "Offroad" kapena "Nyali yachifunga" pabokosilo.KUSINTHA: PHILIPS ndi OSRAM adadutsa kale ECE / E-mark R112 m'zaka zitatu zaposachedwa, ali ndi chilolezo / chilolezo chochokera ku Germany, kotero iwo ali Street legal / Road legal / Pamsewu ku Europe tsopano, TUV ikupereka satifiketi mukalowa m'malo mwa PHILIPS / Mababu a OSRAM omwe adadutsa ECE / E-mark R112.Chonde onani maulalo awiri pansipa kuti mudziwe zambiri:
B. USA: osaloledwa.Chifukwa chake amalemba "Offroad" kapena "Nyali yachifunga" pabokosilo.Sindikudziwa ngati PHILIPS kapena OSRAM idakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo aku America DOT / FVMSS-108 kapena ayi.
C. China: osaloledwa.Sindikudziwa ngati PHILIPS kapena OSRAM idakhazikika ndi malamulo aku China DOT kapena ayi.Aliyense amangogulitsa paliponse.
Komabe, ifeMtengo wa BULBTEKtikukulandirani ku nyengo yatsopano yamagalimoto yaMababu a nyali za LED.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-23-2022