I kēia manawa, ʻekolu mau kukui nui no nā kaʻa ma ka mākeke, nā kukui halogen,Nā kukui xenon HIDaNā kukui LED.Ma waho aʻe o ke kukui laser.He kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai o ke kukui laser i kēia manawa, no laila ʻaʻole pono.Hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ke kukui laser no kāna kukui kiʻekiʻe, e like me BMW i8, AUDI A8 / R8.
ʻO nā kukui halogen ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia o nā kukui kaʻa āpau i kēia manawa, a ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻōpala i hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi loa i ka mōʻaukala o nā kaʻa.Akā ʻo nā ʻōpuʻu halogen he kukui pōwehiwehi a maʻalahi ke haki / puhi ʻia.
HID Xenon kukuihoʻomaka mai ka hui nunui ʻo PHILIPS, HELLA a me BOSCH, hoʻi i 1990 a 1993 makahiki.HID Xenon kukuima kahi o 2500 lumen a 4000 lumen, 4 a 6 manawa ʻoi aku ka mālamalama ma mua o nā kukui halogen.He nui ka poʻe e ʻōlelo neiHID XenonHe alohilohi loa e hoʻolohilohi i nā mea hoʻokele kū'ē, HEWA, no ka mea, ʻo ka capsule waena o kapuʻupuʻu xenonʻO ka mea e hoʻokuʻu ana i ke kukui e like me ka liʻiliʻi o ka filament o ka puʻupuʻu halogen, ʻaʻole e hoʻomālamalama ke kukui haʻahaʻa i nā mea hoʻokele kūʻē, ʻo ke ʻano kukui e like me ke kumu o ka halogen.AkāHID xenon kitʻAʻole maʻalahi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻokomo ʻana, pono e wili i ka lua ma ka uhi hope o nā kukui no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā wili i waho.HID ballastme ka pahu xenon o loko i kekahi manawa.
ʻO ka ʻenehana kaHID xenon bulbse lawe i 10-30 kekona a hiki i ka 100% olinolino, no laila hiki ʻole i nā mea hoʻokele mua a me nā mea hoʻokele ʻē aʻe ke nānā ʻole i kāu kukuna kiʻekiʻe / haʻahaʻa e ʻā ana no ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana a i ʻole ka hopu ʻana i ka wā e pio ai nā ʻōpuʻu / kūlana anuanu.Eia kekahi, he pipiʻi ia ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o nā ballast a me nā puʻupuʻu.
ʻO nā kukui kukui LEDua hana ʻia i ka makahiki 2008.ʻOi aku ka kaulana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hopu ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana mākeke o nā ʻōpuʻu halogen a me nāHID xenon bulbs. ʻO nā kukui kukui LEDʻO nā kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ka nui paʻa a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo kā lākou lumen a me ka lux paha he 5 a 8 mau manawa ma mua o nā puʻupuʻu halogen, ka mana kiʻekiʻe hou loa.ʻO nā kukui kukui LEDhiki i ka 4000 lumen a 6000 lumen.ʻO ka ʻenehana ʻo ia ka 100% kukui (halogen a meHID xenonʻaʻole) he mea maikaʻi loa ia.Eia kekahi, ʻo LED ke kumu kukui anuanu ʻaʻole e wikiwiki i ka ʻelemakule o ka ipukukui, reflector a projector paha.ʻOiaʻiʻonā ʻōpuʻu kukui LED kaʻake hoʻomalu nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kaʻa ma hope o ka mākeke i kēia manawa.Eia na meaBULBTEKkūʻai welaPuku kukui LEDseries, XD35 D series, X9S high power series, X9 driver built-in series a me X8-H7 PRO 1:1 halogen nui moʻo.Welina mai i ka nīnau nīnau.
Akā ʻoi aku ka nuinā ʻōpuʻu kukui LED kaʻaKe hoʻohana nei lākou i ka IC kaohi wela naʻauao no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōpuʻu a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokele (o nā ʻōpuʻu) mai ke ahi.Maikaʻi ia no ke ola o nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā mea hoʻokele (o nā ʻōpuʻu), akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi no ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana ma muli o ka pōʻeleʻele o ke kukui, pōʻino no ke kaʻa!ʻO ka mea pupule no ka mana kiʻekiʻe hou loaʻO nā kukui kukui LED(i kapa ʻia ʻo 60W a 90W ma ka mokuʻāina hoʻomaka) ʻo ia ka ʻenekinia i hoʻonohonoho i ka naʻauao wela mana IC e hoʻā ana ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻano hoʻopunipuni ia i koʻu mau maka.
He aha nā lula maʻamau o ka European E-mark / ECE (ke Komisina ʻĀina Hui Pū ʻIa no ʻEulopa), ʻAmelika DOT (keʻena ʻoihana), NHTSA (The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) a me Kina DOT pili iʻO nā kukui kukui LED?
1. European E-mark / ECE: nā ʻōpuʻu Halogen wale nō aNā ʻōpuʻu HIDhe kānāwai no ka pani ʻana,ʻO nā kukui kukui LEDhe kānāwai ʻole.EXCEPTION: Ua hala mua ʻo PHILIPS a me OSRAM i ka ECE / E-mark R112 i nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa ka homologation / ʻae mai Kelemania, no laila ke kānāwai alanui / alanui kānāwai / Ma ke ala ma ʻEulopa i kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻo TUV i ka palapala i ka wā i hoʻololi ai ʻoe i ka PHILIPS / Nā ʻōpuʻu OSRAM i hala i ka ECE / E-mark R112.E ʻoluʻolu e nānā i nā kiʻi ma lalo nei i lawe ʻia ma nā pūnaewele OSRAM a me LUMILIDS:
2. ʻAmelikaDOT / NHTSA / FMVSS: ʻO nā ʻōpuʻu Halogen wale nō ke kānāwai no ka hoʻololi ʻana, nā ʻōpuʻu HID (koe wale ʻo D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D7, D8, D9 a me 9500?) aʻO nā kukui kukui LEDhe kānāwai ʻole.
ʻO ka ʻike o ka leka hoʻomaopopo i hāʻawi ʻia iā mākou (BULBTEK) e nā limahana DOT ma ka hōʻike kaʻa ʻAmelika ʻo AAPEX a me SEMA e like me lalo:
Ua ʻike ka National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) i ka nui o ka HID/Nā pahu hoʻololi LEDno ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui uila kaʻa.Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau pahu kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa a no laila e pili ana i ka ʻāpana Mea Hoʻololi o Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108 Lamps, Reflective, Devices and Associated Equipment, 49 CFR § 571.108.HID/Nā pahu hoʻololi LEDʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o FMVSS No. 108 a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a kūʻai ʻia paha ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.E nana 49 USC § 30112 (a)(1).
Pono ʻo FMVSS No. 108, ma kahi hapa, e hoʻolālā ʻia kēlā me kēia kumu kukui hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e kūlike me kekahi mau kikoʻī a me nā kikoʻī uila.No laila, no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kumu kukui hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i loko o kahi kukui kukui hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, pono e hoʻouna mua ka mea hana i kekahi ʻike e pili ana iā ia (a me kāna ballast inā makemake ʻia), a i ʻole e hoʻohana i kahi kumu kukui (a me ka ballast inā makemake ʻia) inā pono. ua waiho mua ʻia kona mau kikoʻī ma ka Māhele 564. E like me ka lā o kēia palapala, ʻaʻohe kumu kukui hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā LED i waiho ʻia ma ka Māhele 564. ʻO nā kumu hoʻololi HID i waiho ʻia ma Part 564 ʻo D1R, D1S, D2R, D2S, D3R, D3S, D4R, D4S, D5S, D7S, D8S, D9S a me 9500. E ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ke kua no ka papa inoa o nā kumu kukui a pau o Part 564.
E like me ke kānāwai e koi aku i nā kumu kukui hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia no ke kūʻai aku ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā koi o FMVSS No. kit i loaʻa kahi kumu kukui hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kona kumu i hoʻololi ʻia a i hana ʻia e hoʻololi ʻia me kekahi kumu kukui hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hoʻokomo i kahi hoʻolālā kumu kukui ʻokoʻa.
3. Pākē DOT: like me ʻAmelika, ʻo nā ʻōpuʻu Halogen wale nō ke kānāwai no ke pani ʻana,Nā ʻōpuʻu HIDaʻO nā kukui kukui LEDhe kānāwai ʻole.
He mea maʻalahi loa ka haʻi ʻana inā he halogen a ʻaʻole paha nā kukui o nā kaʻa ma ka ʻike ʻana he melemele nā kukui a ʻaʻole paha (he kala melemele wale nō ka halogen, ʻo ia ka 3000 Kelvin i ka mahana waihoʻoluʻu).No ke aha i nui ai ka poʻe e hoʻohana a kūʻai akuHID xenon bulbsaʻO nā kukui kukui LEDa puni ka honua?I koʻu manaʻo, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i nānā a hoʻopaʻi nui ka CUSTOMS, ECE a me DOT.Aka, ua nana ka DuteHUNA / Nā kukui LEDa ua hoʻopaʻi nā mākaʻi kaʻa i nā mea hoʻokele i hoʻokomoHUNA / Nā kukui LEDua hiki mai i kekahi manawa.
A laila e nīnau paha ʻoe no ke aha e hoʻohana mau nei nā hui honua nunui (e like me PHILIPS, OSRAM, HELLA)HUNAaʻO nā kukui kukui LEDa i ʻole nā ʻōpuʻu no nā kaʻa mua i hana a kūʻai aku paha i kēiaHUNAaʻO nā kukui kukui LEDma hope o ka mākeke?E ho'āʻo wau e pane i kēia nīnau:
1.HUNAaʻO nā kukui kukui LEDa i ʻole nā ʻōpuʻu no ka hana kaʻa mua: he kūlana kūikawā kēia.Pono ka pahu kukui o ke kaʻa e pili i nā lula maʻamau o ke kumu kūʻai kukui.Manaʻo wau e hele kēia mau pahu kukui i kēlā mau kūlana āpau.
2.HID Xenon bulbsno ka mea, ma hope o ka makeke: he kānāwai ma ʻEulopa e like me ka lōʻihi o kaNā ʻōpuʻu HIDua hala i ka maʻamau E-mark-R112.Akā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ma USA, Russia, Brazil a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.Lawe wau iā USA ma ke ʻano he laʻana (Russia, Brazil a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he ʻano ʻino), ʻaʻole wau i hoʻomanaʻo ua ʻike wau i ka PHILIPS / OSRAM / HELLAHID xenon bulbskūʻai ʻia ma ka American Autozone a i ʻole Walmart chain supermarkets.E ʻoluʻolu e ʻae iā mākou (BULBTEK) ʻike inā ʻike ʻoe iā PHILIPS / OSRAM / HELLAHID xenon bulbsUa kūʻai ʻia ma ke kānāwai i nā hale kūʻai nui a i ʻole nā hui ʻAmelika, ke kahaha maoli nei au no ke aha e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻoholo i nā lula DOT / FMVSS inā kūʻai ʻia lākou ma ke kānāwai i ka "HUNAforbidden USA", He mau malihini VIP paha nā hui nunui me ka pono i nā komite a me nā keʻena pili pili aupuni.Akā e like me kaʻu i ʻike nui aiNā ʻōpuʻu HIDua hoʻokuʻu aku i USA, Russia a me Brazil mai Kina, ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā ia ma muli o ka wahi hina / ʻeleʻele e like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai.
3.ʻO nā kukui kukui LEDma hope o ka mākeke:
A. ʻEulopa: ke kānāwai.No laila, hōʻailona lākou i ka "Offroad" a i ʻole "Fog lamp" ma ka pahu.EXCEPTION: Ua hala mua ʻo PHILIPS a me OSRAM i ka ECE / E-mark R112 i nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa ka homologation / ʻae mai Kelemania, no laila ke kānāwai alanui / alanui kānāwai / Ma ke ala ma ʻEulopa i kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻo TUV i ka palapala i ka wā i hoʻololi ai ʻoe i ka PHILIPS / Nā ʻōpuʻu OSRAM i hala i ka ECE / E-mark R112.E ʻoluʻolu e nānā i nā loulou ʻelua ma lalo nei no ka ʻike hou aku:
B. USA: kānāwai.No laila, hōʻailona lākou i ka "Offroad" a i ʻole "Fog lamp" ma ka pahu.ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā paʻa ka PHILIPS a i ʻole OSRAM me ka hoʻoponopono ʻAmelika DOT / FVMSS-108 a i ʻole.
C. Kina: kānāwai.ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā paʻa ka PHILIPS a i ʻole OSRAM me ka hoʻoponopono DOT Kina a i ʻole.Kūʻai wale nā mea a pau ma nā wahi āpau.
Eia naʻe, mākouBULBTEKWelina mai iā ʻoe i ke au hou o ka automotiveʻO nā kukui kukui LED.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-23-2022